Peptide sequence analysis1/4/2023 ![]() Since their first description, made in 1949 by Henry Sherwood Lawrence who also coined the term “Transfer factor” ( Lawrence, 1949), dialyzable extracts have been developed in some countries such as China, Czech Republic, Cuba, the USA, and Mexico, as auxiliary drugs to treat immune system-related diseases ( Ojeda et al., 2005 Zhou et al., 2013 Cardoso et al., 2017). Among the immunotherapeutics, stand out the human dialyzable leukocyte extracts (hDLE) which are composed of a low–molecular mass peptide mixture with immunomodulatory properties obtained from the lysis of mammalian cells. ![]() Immunotherapy involves the stimulation, enhancement, suppression, or desensitization of the immune response to treat malignancies. This is the first report that identifies an active component of “Transferon Oral” with the potential for the development of oral peptide immunomodulators. They suggest that Ub may activate its extracellular receptor (CXCR-4) in the stomach eliciting systemic immunomodulatory effects via vagus nerve. Our findings indicate that the biological properties of “Transferon Oral” are partially associated to the Ub content. Besides, the percentage of survival increased in groups treated with Transferon Oral+Ub and decreased in groups treated with Ub-depleted “Transferon Oral” respect to the group treated with “Transferon Oral” only. Recombinant Ub prevented murine death when ORO administered in a herpes infection murine model. The most abundant peptides were the monomeric human Ubiquitin (Ub), a globular low-molecular mass protein, and an Ub variant which lacks the two-terminal Gly (Ub-GG). Ten “Transferon Oral” batches were sequenced by mass spectrometry and the intact peptides were identified. To shed light on the pharmacology of “Transferon Oral” its peptide components must be known. Notwithstanding, how a peptide-derived product elicits systemic modulation of cytokines when ORO administered remains unclear. “Transferon Oral” modulates IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 and increases the survival rate in a herpes infection murine model when oropharyngeally (ORO) administered, which correlate with clinical observations where “Transferon Oral” is used as a therapeutic auxiliary in inflammatory diseases. Its active pharmaceutical ingredient, generically known as Dialyzable Leucocyte Extract, is a mixture of peptide populations with reproducible proportions among batches. “Transferon Oral” is a peptide-derived product with immunomodulatory properties obtained from the lysis and dialysis of human buffy coat.
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